Problems for Zia Ul Haq and His Legacy

Problems encountered leading to his downfall:

1. Conflict with the Shia community

2. Birth of MQM. It was the brainchild of Zia which created a rise of political violence

3. Russian Invasion (Blessing in Disguise)

4. Referendum failure. Only 10% of people voted

5. The movement to Restore Democracy - A coalition headed by the Pakistan National Alliance

6. Conflict with Prime Minister

7. Ojhri camp disaster

The Legacy of Zia:

He introduced Islamization in the country and denationalized companies, He called for a referendum on his popularity

He introduced the 8th amendment to the constitution

Zia made his own party with Mr Mohammad Khan Junejo as the head

He accepted the US policies. Due to the part, he played in the Afghan war, there was a significant amount of influx of USD in the country due to USAID. This also caused US-Pak relations to improve as well

Zia's foreign policy was based on having good relations with Islamic countries

He wanted to create better relations with India and the threat of war was prevented 3 times.

The economy under Zia enjoyed a high and sustained rate of growth. The economy expanded to nearly 6.6% per annum and inflation tended to decline. Wages increased and poverty declined

Zia extended the role of the army in governance through extensive use of military intelligence, the appointment of senior officers to key positions and general dispersion of patronage to the armed forces.

Image source: https://herald.dawn.com/news/1398686

Notes by Miss Rizwana Nadeem (2023), compiled by Rayyan Jamil Khan of Class X-T Karachi Grammar School - College Section